Zebo Alimova - Professor, Tashkent State Transport University Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Kamola Karimova - Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute, I.Karimov st.130100,Jizzakh, Uzbekistan
Bakhytzhan Kedelbaev - M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University

Abstract: In this article, details of the brake mechanism and the method of determining the concentration of metals in the particles formed from the wear of tires as a result of the movement of cars, as well as a comparative analysis of road dust formed on asphalt-concrete roads of different composition are covered. In cities' traffic-related sources are a substantial source of particulate pollution. The following categories of traffic-related particles exist: brake mechanism details, formed as a result of tire wear and wear to the road surface, accumulate due to turbulence caused by traffic, and exhaust particles released as a result of incomplete combustion of fuel and volatilization of lubricants during combustion. The method of determining the metal concentration in the formed particles, data on the physical and chemical properties of the particles are presented. Information is given on the negative impact on human health of the particles formed as a result of wear of the details of the car brake mechanism

Key words: car wheels, traffic safety, asphalt-concrete composition, road dust, metal, road dust, metals, human health.

Introduction: The amount of particulates produced by car brake mechanisms, tires and pavement wear is not regulated according to state standards, but it has a large negative impact on the environment compared to exhaust gases. Nevertheless, due to the lack of epidemiological and toxicological studies, there is no accurate information about their health hazard in our country. This requires different type of study efforts to develop beneficial and appropriate evidentiary legislation and mitigation techniques to safeguard human health.
    Numerous intricate factors and various scientific approaches, includes various fleets of vehicles, Weather conditions, driving patterns (such as rural, urban, and highway), operational characteristics (such as vehicle speed, acceleration, and deceleration), and physical elements (such as vehicle weight, brakes, tires, asphalt composition and qualities) are all taken into consideration. and data on methods for quantifying particles generated by vehicle traffic are scarce and uncertain.
    The United Nations' European Economic Commission on Noise and Tires is creating standardized test procedures to gauge the overall quantity of particulate matter generated by brake systems and tire wear in vehicles [1]. The Particulate Matter Measurement Program Working Group has recommended a minimum allowable amount for measuring the harmfulness of brake particles, but is not known to be final. Research on the formation or measurement of road dust samples is in the initial stage. The detection of particles produced by the movement of cars requires additional investment.
    The development of effective biomarkers of the effect of particles in blood or urine will also significantly help in studying the health effects of solid harmful particles produced by the movement of vehicles. But considering other sources of air pollution and poor nutrition, this is a very complex process.